|
Aadloun
|
c. 1200 BC
|
2013 AD
|
3213
|
Es Sur
|
Al Janub
|
Lebanon
|
|
|
Phoenician
Aadloun
c. 1200 BC -- c. 500 AD
Unknown
Aadloun
c. 500 AD -- 1943 AD
Lebanese
Aadloun
1943 AD -- 2013 AD
|
|
|
Aaiha
|
c. 0 AD
|
c. 200 AD
|
200
|
Ra'siyah
|
Beqaa
|
Lebanon
|
|
|
Roman
Aaiha
c. 0 AD -- c. 200 AD
|
|
|
A'ali
|
c. 3200 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
2870
|
|
Madinat Hamad
|
Bahrain
|
|
|
Dilmun
A'ali
c. 3200 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Aammiq
|
c. 12000 BC
|
c. 4500 BC
|
7500
|
Joub Jannine
|
Beqaa
|
Lebanon
|
|
|
Natufian
Aammiq
c. 12000 BC -- c. 10200 BC
Ubaid
Aammiq
c. 5000 BC -- c. 4500 BC
|
|
|
Abu Biyariq
|
c. 99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
Al Madhatiyah
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Unknown
Abu Biyariq
c. 99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Abu Fanduweh
|
c. 2500 BC
|
c. 650 BC
|
1850
|
Haft Tappeh
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Elamite
Abu Fanduweh
c. 2500 BC -- c. 650 BC
|
|
|
Abu Gubur
|
c. 2300 BC
|
c. 500 BC
|
1800
|
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Akkadian
Abu Gubur
c. 2300 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Unknown
Abu Gubur
c. 2000 BC -- c. 600 BC
Achaemenid
Abu Gubur
c. 600 BC -- c. 500 BC
|
|
|
Abu Qubur
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Abu Salabikh
|
c. 2500 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
500
|
`Afak
|
Al Qadisiyah
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Abu Salabikh
c. 2500 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Achshaph
|
c. 1500 BC
|
c. 1000 BC
|
500
|
Yarkah
|
HaZafon
|
Israel
|
|
|
Canaanite
Achshaph
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
Adab
|
c. 2700 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
700
|
Begai
|
Wasit
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Adab
c. 2700 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Adana
|
c. 6000 BC
|
1923 AD
|
7923
|
Adana
|
Adana
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Neolithic
Adana
c. 6000 BC -- c. 3000 BC
Kizzuwatna
Uru Adaniyya
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1335 BC
Hittite
Adana
c. 1335 BC -- c. 900 BC
Assyrian
Adana
c. 900 BC -- c. 600 BC
Achaemenid
Adana
c. 600 BC -- c. 333 BC
Greek
Adana
c. 333 BC -- c. 310 BC
Seleucid
Adana
c. 310 BC -- c. 100 BC
Roman
Adana
c. 100 BC -- 395 AD
Byzantine
Adana
395 AD -- c. 650 AD
Rashidun
Adana
c. 650 AD -- c. 660 AD
Umayyad
Adana
c. 660 AD -- c. 750 AD
Abbasid
Adana
c. 750 AD -- 964 AD
Byzantine
Adana
964 AD -- 1071 AD
Seljuq
Adana
1071 AD -- 1097 AD
Crusader
Adana
1097 AD -- 1132 AD
Armenian
Adana
1132 AD -- 1137 AD
Byzantine
Adana
1137 AD -- 1170 AD
Armenian
Adana
1170 AD -- 1359 AD
Ramadanid
Adana
1359 AD -- 1517 AD
Ottoman
Adana
1517 AD -- 1923 AD
|
|
|
Admannu
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Ba`iji
|
Salah ad Din
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Afek
|
c. 2400 BC
|
c. 1000 BC
|
1400
|
|
Hefa
|
Israel
|
|
|
Asherite
Afek
c. 2400 BC -- c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
Ai
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 750 BC
|
2250
|
|
|
West Bank
|
|
|
Canaanite
Ai
c. 3000 BC -- c. 2400 BC
Egyptian
Ai
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1000 BC
Israelite
Ai
c. 1000 BC -- c. 750 BC
|
|
|
Aizanoi
|
133 BC
|
c. 400 AD
|
533
|
Geriz
|
Kutahya
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Roman
Aizanoi
133 BC -- c. 400 AD
|
|
|
Akarçay Höyük
|
c. 8000 BC
|
???
|
107999
|
Akarçay
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Halaf
Akarçay Höyük
c. 8000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Akarcay Tepe
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Akarçay
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Akçemezraa
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Kilis
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Akka
|
c. 3000 BC
|
2013 AD
|
5013
|
Accho
|
HaZafon
|
Israel
|
|
|
Canaanite
Akko
c. 3000 BC -- c. 1200 BC
Phoenician
Akka
c. 1200 BC -- c. 800 BC
Assyrian
Akko
c. 800 BC -- 600 BC
Achaemenid
Akko
c. 600 BC -- c. 330 BC
Greek
Antiochia Ptolemais
c. 330 BC -- c. 300 BC
Ptolemaic
Ptolemais
c. 300 BC -- c. 150 BC
Seleucid
Ptolemais
c. 150 BC -- c. 103 BC
Judaean
Ptolemais
c. 103 BC -- c. 135 AD
Roman
Ptolemais
c. 135 AD -- 395 AD
Byzantine
Ptolemais
395 AD -- 638 AD
Rashidun
Ptolemais
638 AD -- 661 AD
Umayyad
Ptolemais
661 AD -- 750 AD
Abbasid
Ptolemais
750 AD -- 1104 AD
Crusader
Ptolemais
1104 AD -- 1187 AD
Ayyubid
Ptolemais
1187 AD -- 1191 AD
Crusader
Acre
1191 AD -- 1291 AD
Egyptian
Acre
1291 AD -- 1517 AD
Ottoman
Acre
1517 AD -- 1918 AD
British
Acre
1918 AD -- 1948 AD
Israeli
Acre
1948 AD -- 2013 AD
|
|
|
Akkad
|
c. 2400 BC
|
c. 2200 BC
|
200
|
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Akkadian
Akkad
c. 2400 BC -- c. 2200 BC
|
|
|
Al-`Ula
|
c. 700 BC
|
106 AD
|
806
|
|
Al Madinah
|
Saudi Arabia
|
|
|
Dedanite
Al-`Ula
c. 700 BC -- c. 550 BC
Babylonian
Al-`Ula
c. 550 BC -- c. 500 BC
Lihyan
Al-`Ula
c. 500 BC -- c. 100 BC
Nabataean
Al-`Ula
c. 100 BC -- 106 AD
|
|
|
Alabanda
|
c. 1000 BC
|
c. 879 AD
|
1879
|
Çine
|
Aydin
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Carian
Alabanda
c. 1000 BC -- c. 600 BC
Greek
Alabanda
c. 600 BC -- c. 330 BC
Seleucid
Antiochia
c. 330 BC -- c. 201 BC
Greek
Alabanda
201 BC -- 190 BC
Roman
Alabanda
190 BC -- 40 BC
Parthian
Alabanda
40 BC -- c. 200 AD
Byzantine
Alabanda
c. 451 AD -- c. 879 AD
|
|
|
Alaca Höyük
|
c. 4000 BC
|
???
|
103999
|
Hüyük
|
Corum
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Hittite
Alaca Höyük
c. 4000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Aleppo
|
c. 5000 BC
|
2013 AD
|
7013
|
|
Halab
|
Syria
|
|
|
Armani
Halab
c. 5000 BC -- c. 2300 BC
Akkadian
Halab
c. 2300 BC -- c. 1800 BC
Amorite
Halab
c. 1800 BC -- c. 1600 BC
Hittite
Halab
c. 1600 BC -- c. 1500 BC
Mitanni
Halab
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1400 BC
Hittite
Halab
c. 1400 BC -- c. 1200 BC
Aramaean
Halab
c. 1200 BC -- c. 900 BC
Neo-Assyrian
Halab
c. 900 BC -- c. 700 BC
Neo-Babylonian
Halab
c. 700 BC -- c. 500 BC
Achaemenid
Halab
c. 500 BC -- 333 BC
Greek
Halab
333 BC -- c. 300 BC
Seleucid
Beroea
c. 300 BC -- 88 BC
Armenian
Beroea
88 BC -- 64 BC
Roman
Beroea
64 BC -- 330 AD
Byzantine
Beroea
330 AD -- c. 600 AD
Sassanid
Beroea
c. 600 AD -- 637 AD
Rashidun
Beroea
637 AD -- 661 AD
Umayyad
Beroea
661 AD -- c. 700 AD
Abbasid
Beroea
c. 700 AD -- 944 AD
Hamdanid
Beroea
944 AD -- 962 AD
Byzantine
Beroea
962 AD -- 1183 AD
Ayyubid
Beroea
1183 AD -- 1260 AD
Mongol
Beroea
1260 AD -- 1261 AD
Egyptian
Beroea
1261 AD -- 1271 AD
Mongol
Beroea
1271 AD -- c. 1275 AD
Egyptian
Beroea
c. 1275 AD -- 1280 AD
Mongol
Beroea
c. 1280 AD -- c. 1300 AD
Egyptian
Beroea
c. 1300 AD -- c. 1400 AD
Timurid
Beroea
c. 1400 AD -- 1516 AD
Ottoman
Aleppo
1516 AD -- 1923 AD
Syrian
Aleppo
1923 AD -- 2013 AD
|
|
|
Alexandria Troas
|
306 BC
|
1923 AD
|
2229
|
Bogcaada
|
Canakkale
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Greek
Alexandria Troas
306 BC -- c. 188 BC
Roman
Alexandria Troas
c. 188 BC -- c. 300 AD
Byzantine
Alexandria Troas
c. 300 AD -- 1336 AD
Ottoman
Alexandria Troas
1336 AD -- 1923 AD
|
|
|
Al-Hirah
|
266 AD
|
???
|
99733
|
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Lakhmid
Al-Hirah
266 AD -- ???
|
|
|
Ali Kosh
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Dehloran
|
Ilam
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Alinda
|
c. 1500 BC
|
c. 300 AD
|
1800
|
Karagözler
|
Aydin
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Carian
Alinda
c. 1500 BC -- c. 300 BC
Roman
Alinda
c. 300 BC -- c. 300 AD
|
|
|
Alishar Hüyük
|
c. 2000 BC
|
c. 700 BC
|
1300
|
Sorguntatlisi
|
Yozgat
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Hittite
Alishar Hüyük
c. 2000 BC -- c. 900 BC
Phrygian
Alishar Hüyük
c. 900 BC -- c. 700 BC
|
|
|
Allianoi
|
c. 180 BC
|
1923 AD
|
2103
|
Kinik
|
Izmir
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Roman
Allianoi
c. 180 BC -- c. 330 AD
Byzantine
Allianoi
c. 330 AD -- c. 1500 AD
Ottoman
Pasa Ilicasi
c. 1500 AD -- 1923 AD
|
|
|
Alqosh
|
c. 1000 BC
|
c. 600 BC
|
400
|
Alkushk
|
Dahuk
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Assyrian
Alqosh
c. 1000 BC -- c. 600 BC
|
|
|
Altintepe
|
c. 860 BC
|
c. 590 BC
|
270
|
Umurlu
|
Erzincan
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Urartu
Altintepe
c. 860 BC -- c. 590 BC
|
|
|
Al-Ukhaidir
|
775 AD
|
c. 1200 AD
|
425
|
Safihah
|
Karbala'
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Abbasid
Al-Ukhaidir
775 AD -- c. 1200 AD
|
|
|
Amadiya
|
c. 2500 BC
|
c. 1000 BC
|
1500
|
Amadia
|
Dahuk
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Assyrian
Amedi
c. 2500 BC -- c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
Amorium
|
c. 900 BC
|
c. 300 BC
|
600
|
Emirli
|
Afyonkarahisar
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Phrygian
Amorium
c. 900 BC -- c. 300 BC
|
|
|
Amyzon
|
c. 1500 BC
|
203 BC
|
1297
|
Amasya
|
Aydin
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Carian
Amyzon
c. 1500 BC -- c. 300 BC
Seleucid
Amyzon
c. 300 BC -- 203 BC
|
|
|
'Anah
|
1058 AD
|
c. 1100 AD
|
42
|
Ana
|
Al Anbar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Uqaylid
'Anah
1058 AD -- c. 1100 AD
|
|
|
Anazarbus
|
c. 1500 BC
|
c. 1300 AD
|
2800
|
Dilekkaya
|
Adana
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Cilician
Anazarbus
c. 1500 BC -- c. 0 AD
Roman
Caesarea
c. 0 AD -- c. 330 AD
Byzantine
Justinopolis
c. 330 AD -- c. 1100 AD
Lesser Armenian
Anazarbus
c. 1100 AD -- c. 1300 AD
|
|
|
Anbar
|
350 AD
|
762 AD
|
412
|
Al Habbaniya
|
Al Anbar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sassanid
Perisapora
350 AD -- 363 AD
Abbasid
Anbar
750 AD -- 762 AD
|
|
|
Ani
|
500 AD
|
c. 1750 AD
|
1250
|
Ani
|
Kars
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Armenian
Khnamk
500 AD -- 1045 AD
Byzantine
Ani
1045 AD -- 1064 AD
Seljuq
Ani
1064 AD -- 1072 AD
Shaddadid
Ani
1072 AD -- 1199 AD
Georgian
Ani
1199 AD -- 1236 AD
Mongol
Ani
1236 AD -- c. 1300 AD
Jalayirid
Ani
c. 1300 AD -- c. 1350 AD
Kara Koyunlu
Ani
c. 1350 AD -- c. 1380 AD
Timurid
Ani
1380 AD -- 1441 AD
Safavid
Ani
1441 AD -- 1579 AD
Ottoman
Ani
1579 AD -- c. 1750 AD
|
|
|
Antalya
|
c. 700 BC
|
1923 AD
|
2623
|
|
Antalya
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Lydian
Antalya
c. 700 BC -- 546 BC
Achaemenid
Antalya
546 BC -- 334 BC
Greek
Antalya
334 BC -- 323 BC
Seleucid
Antalya
323 BC -- 188 BC
Attalid
Antalya
188 BC -- 133 BC
Roman
Antalya
133 BC -- 330 AD
Byzantine
Antalya
330 AD -- c. 1050 AD
Danishmend
Antalya
c. 1050 AD -- 1120 AD
Byzantine
Antalya
1120 AD -- 1220 AD
Seljuq
Antalya
1220 AD -- 1432 AD
Ottoman
Antalya
1432 AD -- 1923 AD
|
|
|
Antioch
|
c. 300 BC
|
c. 1500 AD
|
1800
|
Akkuyu
|
Hatay
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Seleucid
Antioch
c. 300 BC -- 83 BC
Armenian
Antioch
83 BC -- 64 BC
Roman
Antioch
64 BC -- c. 500 AD
Byzantine
Antioch
c. 500 AD -- 637 AD
Rashidun
Antakiyyah
637 AD -- c. 660 AD
Umayyad
Antakiyyah
c. 660 AD -- 969 AD
Byzantine
Antakiyyah
969 AD -- 1078 AD
Armenian
Antioch
1078 AD -- 1084 AD
Seljuq
Antioch
1084 AD -- 1098 AD
Crusader
Antioch
1098 AD -- 1158 AD
Byzantine
Antioch
1158 AD -- c. 1500 AD
|
|
|
Antioch on the Maeander
|
c. 1500 BC
|
c. 0 AD
|
1500
|
Kuyucular
|
Aydin
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Carian
Pythopolis
c. 1500 BC -- c. 300 BC
Seleucid
Antioch
c. 300 BC -- c. 0 AD
|
|
|
Aperlae
|
c. 400 BC
|
c. 700 AD
|
1100
|
|
Antalya
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Lycian
Aperlae
c. 400 BC -- c. 700 AD
|
|
|
Aphrodisias
|
c. 500 BC
|
c. 700 AD
|
1200
|
Karacasu
|
Aydin
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Greek
Aphrodisias
c. 500 BC -- c. 150 BC
Roman
Aphrodisias
c. 150 BC -- c. 700 AD
|
|
|
Apqu
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
Abu Maria
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Unknown
Apqu
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Arbil
|
c. 2000 BC
|
c. 1500 AD
|
3500
|
|
Arbil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Assyrian
Arbela
c. 2000 BC -- c. 605 BC
Median
Arbela
605 BC -- 547 BC
Achaemenid
Arbela
547 BC -- 331 BC
Greek
Arbela
331 BC -- 331 BC
Adiabene
Arbela
c. 15 AD -- c. 115 AD
Sassanid
Arbela
c. 224 AD -- c. 650 AD
Umayyad
Arbela
c. 650 AD -- c. 750 AD
Abbasid
Arbela
c. 750 AD -- c. 950 AD
Buyid
Arbela
c. 950 AD -- c. 1050 AD
Seljuq
Arbela
c. 1050 AD -- 1131 AD
Atabeg
Arbela
1131 AD -- 1232 AD
Ilkhanid
Arbela
1232 AD -- c. 1335 AD
Jalayirid
Arbela
c. 1335 AD -- c. 1400 AD
Kara Koyunlu
Arbela
c. 1400 AD -- c. 1450 AD
Akkoyun
Arbela
c. 1450 AD -- c. 1500 AD
|
|
|
Ariassos
|
c. 1300 BC
|
c. 500 BC
|
800
|
Korkudeli
|
Antalya
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Pisidian
Ariassos
c. 1300 BC -- c. 500 BC
|
|
|
Ar-Rabadha
|
c. 750 AD
|
c. 1000 AD
|
250
|
Ar Rabad
|
Al Madinah
|
Saudi Arabia
|
|
|
Unknown
Ar-Rabadha
c. 750 AD -- c. 1000 AD
|
|
|
Arrapha
|
c. 2200 BC
|
c. 1360 AD
|
3560
|
Kirkuk
|
At Ta'mim
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Gutian
Arrapha
c. 2200 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Hurrian
Arrapha
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1800 BC
Assyrian
Arrapha
c. 1800 BC -- c. 1500 BC
Mamluk
Arrapha
c. 1250 AD -- c. 1360 AD
|
|
|
Arycanda
|
c. 600 BC
|
c. 600 AD
|
1200
|
Finike
|
Antalya
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Lycian
Arycanda
c. 600 BC -- c. 600 AD
|
|
|
Ashdod
|
c. 1700 BC
|
2013 AD
|
3713
|
Ashdod C
|
HaDarom
|
Israel
|
|
|
Canaanite
Ashdod
c. 1700 BC -- c. 1250 BC
Philistine
Ashdod
c. 1250 BC -- c. 715 BC
Assyrian
Ashdod
c. 715 BC -- c. 605 BC
Neo-Babylonian
Ashdod
c. 605 BC -- 539 BC
Achaemenid
Ashdod
539 BC -- c. 330 BC
Greek
Azotus
c. 330 BC -- c. 167 BC
Judaean
Azotus
167 BC -- c. 700 AD
Umayyad
Ashdod
c. 700 AD -- c. 750 AD
Abbasid
Ashdod
c. 750 AD -- c. 1250 AD
Ayyubid
Ashdod
c. 1250 AD -- c. 1500 AD
Ottoman
Azotus
c. 1500 AD -- 1923 AD
Israeli
Ashdod
1923 AD -- 2013 AD
|
|
|
Ashkelon
|
c. 2500 BC
|
c. 100 AD
|
2600
|
Avshalom
|
HaDarom
|
Israel
|
|
|
Canaanite
Ashkelon
c. 2500 BC -- c. 1150 BC
Philistine
Ashkelon
c. 1150 BC -- c. 604 BC
Achaemenid
Ashkelon
c. 604 BC -- c. 330 BC
Greek
Ashkelon
c. 330 BC -- c. 160 BC
Hasmonean
Ashkelon
c. 160 BC -- c. 63 BC
Roman
Ashkelon
c. 63 BC -- c. 100 AD
|
|
|
Asikli Höyük
|
8200 BC
|
c. 7400 BC
|
800
|
Güzelyurt
|
Aksaray
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Unknown
Asikli Höyük
8200 BC -- c. 7400 BC
|
|
|
Aspendos
|
c. 1000 BC
|
c. 1900 AD
|
2900
|
Sazak
|
Antalya
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Greek
Aspendos
c. 1000 BC -- 546 BC
Achaemenid
Aspendos
546 BC -- 467 BC
Greek
Aspendos
467 BC -- 411 BC
Achaemenid
Aspendos
411 BC -- 333 BC
Greek
Aspendos
333 BC -- 190 BC
Roman
Aspendos
190 BC -- c. 285 AD
Byzantine
Aspendos
c. 285 AD -- c. 1500 AD
Ottoman
Aspendos
c. 1500 AD -- c. 1900 AD
|
|
|
Assos
|
c. 1000 BC
|
c. 300 AD
|
1300
|
Ayvacik
|
Canakkale
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Greek
Assos
c. 1000 BC -- 241 BC
Attalid
Assos
241 BC -- 133 BC
Roman
Assos
133 BC -- c. 300 AD
|
|
|
Assur
|
c. 2600 BC
|
c. 1400 AD
|
4000
|
Ba`iji
|
Salah ad Din
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Assur
c. 2600 BC -- c. 2450 BC
Assyrian
Assur
2450 BC -- 1756 BC
Babylonian
Assur
1756 BC -- c. 1720 BC
Assyrian
Assur
c. 1720 BC -- c. 1450 BC
Mitanni
Assur
1450 BC -- 1365 BC
Assyrian
Assur
1365 BC -- 912 BC
Neo-Assyrian
Assur
912 BC -- 612 BC
Babylonian
Assur
612 BC -- 539 BC
Assyrian
Assur
539 BC -- 100 BC
Parthian
Assur
c. 100 BC -- c. 270 AD
Sassanid
Assur
c. 270 AD -- c. 1400 AD
|
|
|
Atarneus
|
c. 500 BC
|
c. 100 AD
|
600
|
Dikeli
|
Izmir
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Greek
Atarneus
c. 500 BC -- c. 100 AD
|
|
|
Ayanis
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
|
Van
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Unknown
Ayanis
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Baalbek
|
c. 250 BC
|
c. 300 AD
|
550
|
`Ayn Burday
|
Beqaa
|
Lebanon
|
|
|
Roman
Baalbek
c. 250 BC -- c. 300 AD
|
|
|
Baba Jan
|
c. 4000 BC
|
c. 500 BC
|
3500
|
Nurabad
|
Lorestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Baba Jan
c. 4000 BC -- c. 500 BC
|
|
|
Babylon
|
c. 2300 BC
|
c. 1000 AD
|
3300
|
Al Hillah
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Akkadian
Babylon
c. 2300 BC -- c. 1900 BC
Amorite
Babylon
c. 1900 BC -- 1894 BC
Babylonian
Babylon
1894 BC -- 1595 BC
Kassite
Karanduniash
c. 1595 BC -- 1235 BC
Assyrian
Babylon
1235 BC -- 620 BC
Neo-Babylonian
Babylon
620 BC -- 539 BC
Achaemenid
Babylon
539 BC -- 331 BC
Greek
Babylon
331 BC -- 275 BC
Seleucid
Babylon
275 BC -- 141 BC
Parthian
Babylon
141 BC -- 224 AD
Sassanid
Babylon
224 AD -- c. 650 AD
Rashidun
Babylon
c. 650 AD -- c. 661 AD
Umayyad
Babylon
c. 661 AD -- c. 700 AD
Abbasid
Babylon
c. 700 AD -- c. 1000 AD
|
|
|
Baghdad
|
700 AD
|
1917 AD
|
1217
|
Bagdad
|
Baghdad
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Abbasid
Baghdad
700 AD -- c. 1055 AD
Seljuq
Baghdad
1055 AD -- 1058 AD
Fatimid
Baghdad
1058 AD -- 1258 AD
Mongol
Baghdad
1258 AD -- 1401 AD
Timurid
Baghdad
1401 AD -- 1534 AD
Ottoman
Baghdad
1534 AD -- 1917 AD
|
|
|
Balawat
|
c. 875 BC
|
c. 610 BC
|
265
|
Balawat
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Neo-Assyrian
Imgur-Enlil
c. 875 BC -- c. 610 BC
|
|
|
Bam
|
c. 550 BC
|
1722 AD
|
2272
|
Bam
|
Kerman
|
Iran
|
|
|
Achaemenid
Bam
c. 550 BC -- c. 250 BC
Parthian
Bam
c. 250 BC -- c. 200 AD
Unknown
Bam
c. 200 AD -- c. 1500 AD
Safavid
Bam
c. 1500 AD -- 1722 AD
|
|
|
Bampur
|
c. 500 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
170
|
|
Sistan va Baluchestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Achaemenid
Pahura
c. 500 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Barbar
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
2670
|
Barbar
|
Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah
|
Bahrain
|
|
|
Dilmun
Barbar
c. 3000 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Bard-e Nechandeh
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Masjed Soleyman
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Basiru
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Manbej
|
Halab
|
Syria
|
|
|
|
|
Basorin
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Sirnak
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Bastam
|
c. 1232 AD
|
c. 1335 AD
|
103
|
|
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari
|
Iran
|
|
|
Ilkhanid
Bastam
c. 1232 AD -- c. 1335 AD
|
|
|
Bazgir Tepe
|
c. 250 BC
|
???
|
100249
|
Minudasht
|
Golestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Parthian
Bazgir Tepe
c. 250 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Behistun
|
c. 550 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
220
|
|
Kerman
|
Iran
|
|
|
Achaemenid
Behistun
c. 550 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Bellitas
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Haran
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Bergul el-Buz
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Birkil Bawz
|
Al Hasakah
|
Syria
|
|
|
|
|
Beycesultan
|
c. 3500 BC
|
c. 1900 AD
|
5400
|
Çivril
|
Denizli
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Neolithic
Beycesultan
c. 3500 BC -- c. 1800 BC
Hittite
Beycesultan
c. 1800 BC -- c. 1200 BC
Byzantine
Beycesultan
c. 300 AD -- c. 900 AD
Seljuq
Beycesultan
c. 900 AD -- c. 1500 AD
Ottoman
Beycesultan
c. 1500 AD -- c. 1900 AD
|
|
|
Bishapur
|
266 AD
|
651 AD
|
385
|
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
Sassanid
Bishapur
266 AD -- 651 AD
|
|
|
Bogha
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Borsippa
|
c. 8000 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
7670
|
Al Hillah
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Ubaid
Borsippa
c. 8000 BC -- c. 5000 BC
Sumerian
Borsippa
c. 5000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Babylonian
Borsippa
c. 2000 BC -- c. 500 BC
Achaemenid
Borsippa
c. 500 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Boztepe
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Suruç
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Bushehr
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 650 AD
|
3650
|
|
Bushehr
|
Iran
|
|
|
Elamite
Liyan
c. 3000 BC -- c. 1000 BC
Unknown
Liyan
c. 1000 BC -- c. 305 BC
Seleucid
Antiochia in Persis
c. 305 BC -- c. 170 BC
Unknown
Bushehr
c. 170 BC -- c. 250 AD
Sassanid
Bushehr
c. 250 AD -- c. 650 AD
|
|
|
Buyucek
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Haran
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Büyüktepe
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Mardin
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Byblos
|
c. 8800 BC
|
1918 AD
|
10718
|
|
Mont-Liban
|
Lebanon
|
|
|
Unknown
Jbeil
c. 8800 BC -- c. 4000 BC
Canaanite
Jbeil
c. 4000 BC -- c. 3000 BC
Phoenician
Gebal
c. 3000 BC -- c. 1300 BC
Egyptian
Gebal
c. 1300 BC -- 738 BC
Assyrian
Gebal
738 BC -- 538 BC
Achaemenid
Gebal
538 BC -- 332 BC
Greek
Byblos
332 BC -- c. 50 BC
Roman
Byblos
c. 50 BC -- c. 330 AD
Byzantine
Byblos
c. 330 AD -- 1187 AD
Ayyubid
Byblos
1187 AD -- 1371 AD
Ottoman
Byblos
1516 AD -- 1918 AD
|
|
|
Carchemish
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 600 BC
|
2400
|
Jarablos
|
Halab
|
Syria
|
|
|
Unknown
Carchemish
c. 3000 BC -- c. 1500 BC
Mitanni
Carchemish
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1300 BC
Hittite
Carchemish
c. 1300 BC -- c. 1200 BC
Neo-Assyrian
Carchemish
c. 900 BC -- c. 600 BC
|
|
|
Çavustepe
|
c. 800 BC
|
c. 600 BC
|
200
|
|
Van
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Urartu
Sardurihinili
c. 800 BC -- c. 600 BC
|
|
|
Chagar Bazar
|
c. 6000 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
4000
|
|
Al Hasakah
|
Syria
|
|
|
Unknown
Ashnakkum
c. 6000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Chal Tepe
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Tehran
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Choga Mami
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Diyala
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Samarran
Choga Mami
??? -- ???
|
|
|
Choga Mami
|
c. 6000 BC
|
c. 5000 BC
|
1000
|
|
Diyala
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Samarran
Choga Mami
c. 6000 BC -- c. 5000 BC
|
|
|
Chogha Bonut
|
c. 7200 BC
|
???
|
107199
|
Dezfool
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
???
c. 7200 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Chogha Gavaneh
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Eslamabad
|
Ilam
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Chogha Mish
|
c. 6800 BC
|
c. 1000 BC
|
5800
|
Dezfool
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Chogha Mish
c. 6800 BC -- c. 3000 BC
Elamite
Chogha Mish
c. 3000 BC -- c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
Chogha Pahwandeh
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Shushtari
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Chogha Qal
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Ctesiphon
|
c. 100 BC
|
c. 750 AD
|
850
|
Salman Bak
|
Baghdad
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Parthian
Ctesiphon
c. 100 BC -- c. 224 AD
Sassanid
Ctesiphon
224 AD -- 637 AD
Rashidun
Ctesiphon
637 AD -- c. 750 AD
|
|
|
Cudi Dagh
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Sirnak
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Dalma Tepe
|
c. 5000 BC
|
???
|
104999
|
Nagadeh
|
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
???
c. 5000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Dara
|
505 AD
|
c. 700 AD
|
195
|
|
Al Hasakah
|
Syria
|
|
|
Byzantine
Dara
505 AD -- 573 AD
Sassanid
Dara
573 AD -- 590 AD
Byzantine
Dara
590 AD -- 604 AD
Sassanid
Dara
604 AD -- 605 AD
Byzantine
Dara
605 AD -- 639 AD
Arab
Dara
639 AD -- c. 700 AD
|
|
|
Darab
|
c. 500 BC
|
c. 650 AD
|
1150
|
Darab
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
Achaemenid
Darab
c. 500 BC -- c. 350 BC
Sassanid
Darab
c. 250 AD -- c. 650 AD
|
|
|
Degirmen Höyük
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Gaziantep
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Deh Loran
|
c. 8000 BC
|
c. 6000 BC
|
2000
|
Dehloran
|
Ilam
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Deh Loran
c. 8000 BC -- c. 6000 BC
|
|
|
Deh-e Now
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Nurabad
|
Lorestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Der
|
c. 2900 BC
|
c. 600 BC
|
2300
|
|
Wasit
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Der
c. 2900 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Assyrian
Der
c. 2000 BC -- c. 900 BC
Neo-Assyrian
Der
c. 900 BC -- c. 600 BC
|
|
|
Derinkuyu
|
c. 800 BC
|
c. 500 BC
|
300
|
Derinkuyu
|
Nevsehir
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Unknown
Derinkuyu
c. 800 BC -- c. 500 BC
|
|
|
Devehüyük
|
c. 1000 BC
|
???
|
100999
|
Nezip
|
Gaziantep
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Unknown
???
c. 1000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Dhiban
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 1900 AD
|
4900
|
|
Madaba
|
Jordan
|
|
|
Unknown
Dibon
c. 3000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Moabite
Dibon
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1300 BC
Unknown
Dibon
c. 1300 BC -- c. 100 BC
Nabataean
Dibon
c. 100 BC -- 106 AD
Roman
Dibon
106 AD -- 330 AD
Byzantine
Dibon
330 AD -- c. 800 AD
Umayyad
Dibon
c. 800 AD -- c. 900 AD
Abbasid
Dibon
c. 900 AD -- c. 1200 AD
Ayyubid
Dibon
c. 1200 AD -- c. 1300 AD
Mamluk
Dibon
c. 1300 AD -- c. 1500 AD
Ottoman
Dhiban
c. 1500 AD -- c. 1900 AD
|
|
|
Dibsi Faraj
|
c. 100 AD
|
859 AD
|
759
|
|
Ar Raqqah
|
Syria
|
|
|
Roman
Athis
c. 100 AD -- 330 AD
Byzantine
Neocaesarea
330 AD -- c. 700 AD
Umayyad
Qasrin
c. 700 AD -- 859 AD
|
|
|
Dinkha Tepe
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Dur Untash
|
c. 1275 BC
|
c. 1240 BC
|
35
|
Haft Tappeh
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Elamite
Dur Untash
c. 1275 BC -- c. 1240 BC
|
|
|
Dura-Europos
|
303 BC
|
c. 150 BC
|
153
|
Abou Kemal
|
Dayr az Zawr
|
Syria
|
|
|
Seleucid
Dura-Europos
303 BC -- c. 150 BC
|
|
|
Dura-Europos
|
303 BC
|
165 AD
|
468
|
Hijni
|
Dayr az Zawr
|
Syria
|
|
|
Seleucid
Dura-Europos
303 BC -- c. 150 BC
Parthian
Dura-Europos
c. 150 BC -- 165 AD
|
|
|
Dura-Europos
|
c. 150 AD
|
257 AD
|
107
|
Abou Kemal
|
Dayr az Zawr
|
Syria
|
|
|
Parthian
Dura-Europos
c. 150 AD -- 165 AD
Roman
Dura-Europos
165 AD -- 257 AD
|
|
|
Dura-Europos
|
165 AD
|
256 AD
|
91
|
Hijni
|
Dayr az Zawr
|
Syria
|
|
|
Roman
Dura-Europos
165 AD -- 256 AD
|
|
|
Dur-Kurigalzu
|
c. 1400 BC
|
c. 500 BC
|
900
|
Bagdad
|
Baghdad
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Kassite
Dur-Kurigalzu
c. 1400 BC -- c. 1170 BC
Unknown
Dur-Kurigalzu
c. 1170 BC -- c. 650 BC
Neo-Babylonian
Dur-Kurigalzu
c. 650 BC -- c. 500 BC
|
|
|
Dur-Sharrukin
|
715 BC
|
605 BC
|
110
|
Al Mawsil
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Assyrian
Dur-Sharrukin
715 BC -- 605 BC
|
|
|
Duruca
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Duruca
|
Mardin
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Ebla
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 700 AD
|
3700
|
Mardikh
|
Idlib
|
Syria
|
|
|
Settlement
Ebla
c. 3000 BC -- c. 2240 BC
Amorite
Ebla
c. 1850 BC -- c. 1600 BC
Unknown
Ebla
c. 1500 BC -- c. 700 AD
|
|
|
Ecbatana
|
c. 678 BC
|
c. 224 AD
|
902
|
Hamadan
|
Hamadan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Median
Ecbatana
c. 678 BC -- 549 BC
Achaemenid
Ecbatana
549 BC -- c. 330 BC
Greek
Ecbatana
c. 330 BC -- c. 312 BC
Seleucid
Ecbatana
c. 312 BC -- c. 247 BC
Parthian
Ecbatana
c. 247 BC -- c. 224 AD
|
|
|
Eflatun Pinar
|
c. 1800 BC
|
c. 1300 AD
|
3100
|
|
Konya
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Hittite
Eflatun Pinar
c. 1800 BC -- c. 1200 BC
Unknown
Eflatun Pinar
c. 1200 BC -- c. 900 AD
Seljuq
Eflatun Pinar
c. 900 AD -- c. 1300 AD
|
|
|
Ekron
|
c. 1700 BC
|
c. 500 BC
|
1200
|
Mazkeret Batyah
|
HaMerkaz
|
Israel
|
|
|
Canaanite
Ekron
c. 1700 BC -- c. 1200 BC
Philistine
Ekron
c. 1200 BC -- 712 BC
Neo-Assyrian
Ekron
712 BC -- c. 500 BC
|
|
|
El Kowm
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
As Sukhnah
|
Hims
|
Syria
|
|
|
|
|
Gabae
|
c. 500 BC
|
c. 350 BC
|
150
|
Khugan
|
Esfahan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Achaemenid
Gabae
c. 500 BC -- c. 350 BC
|
|
|
Ganj Dareh
|
c. 10000 BC
|
???
|
109999
|
|
Kerman
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Ganj Dareh
c. 10000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Ganjnameh
|
c. 550 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
220
|
Bahar
|
Hamadan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Achaemenid
Ganjnameh
c. 550 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Gath
|
c. 1200 BC
|
c. 900 BC
|
300
|
|
HaDarom
|
Israel
|
|
|
Philistine
Gath
c. 1200 BC -- c. 1000 BC
Aramaean
Gath
c. 1000 BC -- c. 900 BC
|
|
|
Gaza
|
???
|
c. 650 AD
|
99349
|
|
|
Gaza Strip
|
|
|
Egyptian
Gaza
??? -- ???
Canaanite
Gaza
c. 3000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Assyrian
Gaza
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1650 BC
Egyptian
Gaza
c. 1650 BC -- c. 1200 BC
Philistine
Gaza
c. 1200 BC -- c. 1000 BC
Israelite
Gaza
c. 1000 BC -- c. 730 BC
Greek
Gaza
332 BC -- c. 300 BC
Sassanid
Gaza
c. 250 AD -- c. 650 AD
|
|
|
Ger Senli
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Kilis
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Gerde Resh
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
|
Arbil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Unknown
Gerde Resh
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Gezer
|
c. 4000 BC
|
???
|
103999
|
Gezer
|
HaMerkaz
|
Israel
|
|
|
Canaanite
Gezer
c. 4000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Gibeon
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
|
West Bank
|
|
|
Canaanite
Gibeon
??? -- ???
|
|
|
Girsu
|
c. 5300 BC
|
c. 200 BC
|
5100
|
Tal`ah
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Ubaid
Girsu
c. 5300 BC -- c. 3500 BC
Sumerian
Girsu
c. 2500 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Unknown
Girsu
c. 2000 BC -- c. 200 BC
|
|
|
Göbekli Tepe
|
c. 10000 BC
|
c. 7000 BC
|
3000
|
Örencik
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Unknown
Göbekli Tepe
c. 10000 BC -- c. 7000 BC
|
|
|
Godin Tepe
|
c. 5000 BC
|
c. 600 BC
|
4400
|
|
Kerman
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Godin Tepe
c. 5000 BC -- c. 2700 BC
Elamite
Godin Tepe
c. 2700 BC -- c. 1400 BC
Unknown
Godin Tepe
c. 1400 BC -- c. 750 BC
Median
Godin Tepe
c. 750 BC -- c. 600 BC
|
|
|
Gohar Tepe
|
c. 4000 BC
|
c. 1000 BC
|
3000
|
Neka'
|
Mazandaran
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Gohar Tepe
c. 4000 BC -- c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
Gor
|
224 AD
|
c. 600 AD
|
376
|
Firuzabad
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
Sassanid
Gor
224 AD -- c. 600 AD
|
|
|
Gordium
|
c. 1200 BC
|
c. 300 BC
|
900
|
Polath
|
Ankara
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Thracian
Gordium
c. 1200 BC -- c. 900 BC
Phrygian
Gordium
c. 900 BC -- c. 300 BC
|
|
|
Gougtapeh
|
c. 3200 BC
|
???
|
103199
|
Orumiyeh
|
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
???
c. 3200 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Grai Resh
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Sinjar
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Grdi Safai Khwaru
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
Haluma
|
As Sulaymaniyah
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Unknown
Grdi Safai Khwaru
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Grdi Safai Saru
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
Haluma
|
As Sulaymaniyah
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Unknown
Grdi Safai Saru
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Gre Virike
|
c. 4000 BC
|
???
|
103999
|
|
Gaziantep
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Unknown
???
c. 4000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Guzana
|
c. 8000 BC
|
1258 AD
|
9258
|
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Unknown
Guzana
c. 8000 BC -- c. 7000 BC
Proto-Hassuna
Guzana
c. 7000 BC -- c. 6500 BC
Hassuna
Guzana
c. 6500 BC -- c. 6100 BC
Proto-Halaf
Guzana
c. 6100 BC -- c. 5900 BC
Halaf
Guzana
c. 5900 BC -- c. 5000 BC
Ubaid
Guzana
c. 5000 BC -- c. 3700 BC
Sumerian
Guzana
c. 3700 BC -- c. 2900 BC
Akkadian
Guzana
c. 2900 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Babylonian
Guzana
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1500 BC
Mitanni
Guzana
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1300 BC
Assyrian
Guzana
c. 1300 BC -- c. 1060 BC
Aramaean
Guzana
c. 1060 BC -- c. 900 BC
Neo-Assyrian
Guzana
c. 900 BC -- 612 BC
Babylonian
Guzana
612 BC -- 539 BC
Achaemenid
Guzana
539 BC -- 330 BC
Seleucid
Guzana
330 BC -- 120 BC
Parthian
Guzana
120 BC -- 250 AD
Sassanid
Guzana
250 AD -- c. 400 AD
Byzantine
Guzana
c. 400 AD -- 636 AD
Arab
Guzana
636 AD -- 1258 AD
|
|
|
Habuba Kabira
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
1000
|
Dayr Hafir
|
Halab
|
Syria
|
|
|
Uruk
Habuba Kabira
c. 3000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Hacinebi Höyügü
|
c. 4000 BC
|
???
|
103999
|
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Unknown
???
c. 4000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Hadchit
|
c. 1200 BC
|
2013 AD
|
3213
|
Hadchîte
|
Liban-Nord
|
Lebanon
|
|
|
Phoenician
Hadchit
c. 1200 BC -- c. 600 BC
Roman
Hadchit
c. 100 BC -- c. 300 AD
Byzantine
Hadchit
c. 300 AD -- c. 1000 AD
Lebanese
Hadchit
1943 AD -- 2013 AD
|
|
|
Haft Tepe
|
c. 2000 BC
|
c. 1500 BC
|
500
|
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Elamite
Kabnak
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1500 BC
|
|
|
Haftavan Tepe
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Hajji Firuz Tepe
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Hajji Firuz
|
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Halabiye
|
c. 300 AD
|
c. 1200 AD
|
900
|
Bagdad
|
Baghdad
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Roman
Zenobia
c. 300 AD -- c. 330 AD
Byzantine
Birtha
c. 330 AD -- c. 1200 AD
|
|
|
Hamath
|
c. 2000 BC
|
1923 AD
|
3923
|
|
Hamah
|
Syria
|
|
|
Amorite
Hamath
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1500 BC
Mitanni
Hamath
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1285 BC
Hittite
Hama
c. 1285 BC -- c. 1200 BC
Aramaean
Hama
c. 1200 BC -- 738 BC
Assyrian
Hama
738 BC -- 612 BC
Babylonian
Hama
612 BC -- c. 540 BC
Achaemenid
Hama
c. 540 BC -- c. 330 BC
Greek
Hama
c. 330 BC -- 323 BC
Seleucid
Epiphania
323 BC -- 64 BC
Roman
Epiphania
64 BC -- 330 AD
Byzantine
Emath
330 AD -- c. 638 AD
Umayyad
Hama
c. 638 AD -- 750 AD
Abbasid
Hama
750 AD -- c. 900 AD
Hamdanid
Hama
c. 900 AD -- c. 1000 AD
Fatimid
Hama
c. 1000 AD -- 1108 AD
Crusader
Hama
1108 AD -- 1114 AD
Seljuq
Hama
1114 AD -- c. 1150 AD
Zengid
Hamath
c. 1150 AD -- 1175 AD
Ayyubid
Hamath
1175 AD -- c. 1400 AD
Timurid
Hama
c. 1400 AD -- 1516 AD
Ottoman
Hama
1516 AD -- 1923 AD
|
|
|
Hannawiya
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Al Malikiyah
|
Al Hasakah
|
Syria
|
|
|
|
|
Haradum
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 1600 BC
|
1400
|
Rawah
|
Al Anbar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Unknown
Haradum
c. 3000 BC -- c. 1800 BC
Babylonian
Haradum
c. 1800 BC -- c. 1600 BC
|
|
|
Harran
|
c. 2500 BC
|
c. 1200 AD
|
3700
|
Haran
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Assyrian
Harranu
c. 2500 BC -- c. 1000 BC
Neo-Assyrian
Harranu
c. 1000 BC -- c. 650 BC
Neo-Babylonian
Harranu
c. 650 BC -- c. 600 BC
Median
Harranu
c. 600 BC -- c. 500 BC
Achaemenid
Harranu
c. 500 BC -- 331 BC
Seleucid
Hellenopolis
331 BC -- c. 100 BC
Roman
Carrhae
c. 100 BC -- 476 AD
Byzantine
Carrhae
476 AD -- c. 650 AD
Arab
?arran
c. 650 AD -- c. 1200 AD
|
|
|
Hasanlu Tepe
|
c. 5000 BC
|
???
|
104999
|
|
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
???
c. 5000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Hassuna
|
c. 6000 BC
|
c. 5250 BC
|
750
|
Tall Kaif
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Hassuna
Hassuna
c. 6000 BC -- c. 5250 BC
|
|
|
Hatra
|
c. 300 BC
|
c. 300 AD
|
600
|
Al Jazirah
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Seleucid
Hatra
c. 300 BC -- c. 0 AD
Parthian
Hatra
c. 0 AD -- c. 200 AD
Araba
Hatra
c. 200 AD -- c. 300 AD
|
|
|
Hattusa
|
c. 6000 BC
|
c. 1200 BC
|
4800
|
Hatti
|
Corum
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Unknown
Hattusa
c. 6000 BC -- c. 2300 BC
Hattian
Hattusa
c. 2300 BC -- c. 1650 BC
Hittite
Hattusa
c. 1650 BC -- c. 1200 BC
|
|
|
Hazor
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 600 BC
|
2400
|
Hazon
|
HaZafon
|
Israel
|
|
|
Canaanite
Hazor
c. 3000 BC -- c. 1300 BC
Israelite
Hazor
c. 1300 BC -- 950 BC
Aramaean
Hazor
950 BC -- 732 BC
Assyrian
Hazor
732 BC -- c. 600 BC
|
|
|
Hebron
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
|
West Bank
|
|
|
Canaanite
Hebron
??? -- ???
|
|
|
Hierapolis
|
c. 500 BC
|
1354 AD
|
1854
|
Manbej
|
Halab
|
Syria
|
|
|
Phrygian
Hierapolis
c. 500 BC -- c. 250 BC
Attalid
Hierapolis
c. 250 BC -- 133 BC
Roman
Hierapolis
133 BC -- 330 AD
Byzantine
Hierapolis
330 AD -- c. 1100 AD
Seljuq
Hierapolis
c. 1100 AD -- 1190 AD
Crusader
Hierapolis
1190 AD -- c. 1250 AD
Seljuq
Hierapolis
c. 1250 AD -- 1354 AD
|
|
|
Hindanu
|
1100 BC
|
c. 500 BC
|
600
|
Abou Kemal
|
Dayr az Zawr
|
Syria
|
|
|
Assyrian
Hindanu
1100 BC -- c. 500 BC
|
|
|
Hit
|
c. 1800 BC
|
c. 1500 BC
|
300
|
Hit
|
Al Anbar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Babylonian
Is
c. 1800 BC -- c. 1500 BC
|
|
|
Hupshana
|
c. 2500 BC
|
c. 1000 BC
|
1500
|
Shushtari
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Elamite
Hupshana
c. 2500 BC -- c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
Imam Jadir
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Balad
|
Salah ad Din
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Iram of the Pillars
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
1000
|
Sahalnawt
|
Zufar
|
Oman
|
|
|
Settlement
Iram
c. 3000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Isfahan
|
c. 2700 BC
|
1722 AD
|
4422
|
Esfahran
|
Esfahan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Elamite
Aspandana
c. 2700 BC -- c. 1600 BC
Unknown
Aspandana
c. 1600 BC -- c. 650 BC
Median
Aspandana
c. 650 BC -- c. 550 BC
Achaemenid
Aspandana
c. 550 BC -- c. 250 BC
Parthian
Aspandana
c. 250 BC -- c. 226 AD
Sassanid
Spahan
c. 226 AD -- c. 650 AD
Rashidun
Spahan
c. 650 AD -- 661 AD
Umayyad
Spahan
c. 661 AD -- c. 750 AD
Abbasid
Spahan
c. 750 AD -- c. 1200 AD
Ayyubid
Spahan
c. 1200 AD -- c. 1500 AD
Safavid
Ispahan
c. 1500 AD -- 1722 AD
|
|
|
Ishan Abu Amud
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Ishan Abu Diyyayyat
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Dezfool
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Ishan Abu Hatab
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
As Suwayrah
|
Wasit
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Unknown
Ishan Abu Hatab
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Ishan Abu Qabr
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
As Suwayrah
|
Wasit
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Ishan Rakiba
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Isin
|
2800 BC
|
c. 1000 BC
|
1800
|
Al Jaliha
|
Al Qadisiyah
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Isin
2800 BC -- c. 2017 BC
Amorite
Isin
c. 2017 BC -- c. 1796 BC
Babylonian
Isin
c. 1796 BC -- c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
Istakhr
|
c. 500 BC
|
c. 600 AD
|
1100
|
Marv Dasht
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
Achaemenid
Istakhr
c. 500 BC -- c. 350 BC
Sassanid
Istakhr
c. 250 AD -- c. 600 AD
|
|
|
Iwan-e Karkheh
|
c. 250 AD
|
c. 600 AD
|
350
|
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Sassanid
Iwan-e Karkheh
c. 250 AD -- c. 600 AD
|
|
|
Jarmo
|
c. 7090 BC
|
c. 4900 BC
|
2190
|
Chamkawi
|
As Sulaymaniyah
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Jarmo
Jarmo
c. 7090 BC -- c. 4900 BC
|
|
|
Jebel Aruda
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
1000
|
Manbej
|
Halab
|
Syria
|
|
|
Uruk
Jebel Aruda
c. 3000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Jemdet Nasr
|
c. 4000 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
2000
|
As Suwayrah
|
Wasit
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Ubaid
Jemdet Nasr
c. 4000 BC -- c. 3800 BC
Uruk
Jemdet Nasr
c. 3800 BC -- c. 3100 BC
Jemdet Nasr
Jemdet Nasr
c. 3100 BC -- c. 2900 BC
Sumerian
Niru
c. 2900 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Jerablus Tahtani
|
c. 3000 BC
|
???
|
102999
|
Jarablos
|
Halab
|
Syria
|
|
|
Uruk
???
c. 3000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Jiroft
|
c. 3000 BC
|
???
|
102999
|
Jiroft
|
Kerman
|
Iran
|
|
|
Jiroft
Konar Sandal
c. 3000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Kadesh
|
99999 BC
|
c. 1300 BC
|
98699
|
|
Hims
|
Syria
|
|
|
Canaanite
Kadesh
99999 BC -- c. 1400 BC
Unknown
Kadesh
c. 5000 BC -- ???
Egyptian
Kadesh
c. 1450 BC -- c. 1300 BC
Mitanni
Kadesh
c. 1400 BC -- c. 1300 BC
|
|
|
Kangavar
|
c. 600 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
270
|
|
Kerman
|
Iran
|
|
|
Median
Konkobar
c. 600 BC -- c. 549 BC
Achaemenid
Konkobar
c. 549 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Kar-Assurnasirpal
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Al Qurayya
|
Dayr az Zawr
|
Syria
|
|
|
|
|
Karatepe
|
c. 1500 BC
|
c. 700 BC
|
800
|
Karatepe
|
Osmaniye
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Cilician
Karatepe
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1300 BC
Hittite
Karatepe
c. 1300 BC -- c. 1200 BC
Neo-Hittite
Karatepe
c. 1200 BC -- c. 700 BC
|
|
|
Kargamis
|
c. 1800 BC
|
c. 1200 BC
|
600
|
|
Gaziantep
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Hittite
Kargamis
c. 1800 BC -- c. 1200 BC
|
|
|
Karhane
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
|
Kerman
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Karhane
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Kar-Mullissi
|
c. 3000 BC
|
???
|
102999
|
Al Hamdaniyah
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Assyrian
Kar-Mullissi
c. 3000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta
|
c. 1300 BC
|
???
|
101299
|
Ba`iji
|
Salah ad Din
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Assyrian
Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta
c. 1300 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Kaunos
|
c. 2000 BC
|
c. 1500 AD
|
3500
|
Koycegiz
|
Mugla
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Lycian
Kaunos
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1000 BC
Carian
Kbid
c. 1000 BC -- c. 546 BC
Achaemenid
Kaunos
546 BC -- 479 BC
Greek
Kaunos
479 BC -- 387 BC
Achaemenid
Kaunos
387 BC -- 334 BC
Greek
Kaunos
334 BC -- 189 BC
Roman
Peraea
189 BC -- c. 400 AD
Byzantine
Caunos-Hegia
c. 400 AD -- c. 1500 AD
|
|
|
Kermez Tepe
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Hamadan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Khafajah
|
c. 1900 BC
|
c. 1700 BC
|
200
|
Bagdad
|
Baghdad
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Eshnunna
Khafajah
c. 1900 BC -- c. 1700 BC
|
|
|
Kharg
|
c. 330 BC
|
c. 150 AD
|
480
|
Bandar-e Ganaveh
|
Bushehr
|
Iran
|
|
|
Seleucid
Kharg
c. 330 BC -- c. 250 BC
Parthian
Kharg
c. 250 BC -- c. 0 AD
Nabataean
Kharg
c. 0 AD -- c. 150 AD
|
|
|
Kilizu
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Arbil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Kish
|
c. 3100 BC
|
539 BC
|
2561
|
Al Hillah
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Kish
c. 3100 BC -- c. 1900 BC
Babylonian
Kish
c. 1900 BC -- 539 BC
|
|
|
Kisurra
|
c. 2700 BC
|
c. 1700 BC
|
1000
|
|
Al Qadisiyah
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Settlement
Kisurra
c. 2700 BC -- c. 2113 BC
Sumerian
Kisurra
c. 2113 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Babylonian
Kisurra
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1700 BC
|
|
|
Kiziltepe
|
c. 1100 AD
|
c. 1200 AD
|
100
|
Dikmen
|
Mardin
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Artuqid
Beldesi
c. 1100 AD -- c. 1200 AD
|
|
|
Koruklu
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Haran
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Kuara
|
c. 2500 BC
|
c. 709 BC
|
1791
|
Tall al Lahm
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Kuara
c. 2500 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Unknown
Kuara
c. 2000 BC -- c. 709 BC
|
|
|
Kufa
|
c. 224 AD
|
c. 1100 AD
|
876
|
Al Kufa
|
An Najaf
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sassanid
Kufa
c. 224 AD -- 637 AD
Rashidun
Kufa
637 AD -- c. 661 AD
Umayyad
Al Kufa
c. 661 AD -- 749 AD
Abbasid
Kufa
749 AD -- c. 1100 AD
|
|
|
Kul-e Farah
|
c. 2500 BC
|
???
|
102499
|
Izeh
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Elamite
Kul-e Farah
c. 2500 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Kültepe
|
c. 2300 BC
|
c. 300 AD
|
2600
|
|
Kayseri
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Hattian
Kaneša
c. 2300 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Hittite
Kaneša
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1600 BC
Hurrian
Kaneša
c. 1600 BC -- c. 1300 BC
Unknown
Kaneša
c. 1300 BC -- c. 300 BC
Roman
Kaneša
c. 300 BC -- c. 300 AD
|
|
|
Kusçu
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Derik
|
Mardin
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Kutalla
|
c. 1792 BC
|
c. 1595 BC
|
197
|
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Babylonian
Kutalla
c. 1792 BC -- c. 1595 BC
|
|
|
Lachish
|
c. 10000 BC
|
586 BC
|
9414
|
Gat
|
HaDarom
|
Israel
|
|
|
Neolithic
Lachish
c. 10000 BC -- c. 4000 BC
Unknown
Lachish
c. 3000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Canaanite
Lachish
c. 1300 BC -- c. 1150 BC
Judaean
Lachish
c. 900 BC -- 701 BC
Assyrian
Lachish
701 BC -- 586 BC
|
|
|
Latakia
|
c. 1200 BC
|
1923 AD
|
3123
|
Ladhiqiye
|
Al Ladhiqiyah
|
Syria
|
|
|
Phoenician
Ramitha
c. 1200 BC -- c. 1100 BC
Assyrian
Ramitha
c. 1100 BC -- c. 600 BC
Achaemenid
Ramitha
c. 600 BC -- 333 BC
Greek
Leukê Aktê
333 BC -- 323 BC
Seleucid
Leukê Aktê
323 BC -- 64 BC
Roman
Laodicea
64 BC -- 272 AD
Palmyran
Laodicea
272 AD -- 378 AD
Byzantine
Laodicea
378 AD -- 638 AD
Rashidun
Laodicea
638 AD -- 661 AD
Umayyad
Laodicea
661 AD -- 750 AD
Abbasid
Laodicea
750 AD -- 970 AD
Byzantine
Laodicea
970 AD -- 980 AD
Fatimid
Laodicea
980 AD -- 1086 AD
Seljuq
Laodicea
1086 AD -- 1097 AD
Crusader
Laodicea
1097 AD -- 1188 AD
Ayyubid
Laodicea
1188 AD -- 1287 AD
Egyptian
Laodicea
1287 AD -- 1516 AD
Ottoman
Laodicea
1516 AD -- 1923 AD
|
|
|
Mada'in Saleh
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 1900 AD
|
4900
|
Al Hijriyah
|
Al Madinah
|
Saudi Arabia
|
|
|
Lihyan
Hegra
c. 3000 BC -- c. 0 AD
Nabataean
Hegra
c. 0 AD -- 106 AD
Roman
Hegra
106 AD -- c. 300 AD
Unknown
Hegra
c. 300 AD -- c. 1500 AD
Ottoman
Hegra
c. 1500 AD -- c. 1900 AD
|
|
|
Mahirja
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Al Hasakah
|
Syria
|
|
|
|
|
Mari
|
c. 5000 BC
|
c. 200 BC
|
4800
|
Abou Kemal
|
Dayr az Zawr
|
Syria
|
|
|
Mari
Mari
c. 5000 BC -- c. 2900 BC
Sumerian
Mari
c. 2900 BC -- c. 1900 BC
Amorite
Mari
1900 BC -- 1759 BC
Babylonian
Mari
1759 BC -- c. 1000 BC
Assyrian
Mari
c. 1000 BC -- c. 550 BC
Achaemenid
Mari
c. 550 BC -- c. 330 BC
Greek
Mari
c. 330 BC -- c. 200 BC
|
|
|
Ma'rib
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Ma'rib
|
Yemen
|
|
|
Sabaean
Ma'rib
??? -- ???
|
|
|
Marlik
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
Rudbari
|
Gilan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Marlik
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Massice
|
c. 250 AD
|
c. 1200 AD
|
950
|
Al Habbaniya
|
Al Anbar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sassanid
Massice
c. 250 AD -- c. 700 AD
Abbasid
Massice
c. 700 AD -- c. 1200 AD
|
|
|
Megiddo
|
c. 7000 BC
|
c. 300 AD
|
7300
|
Megiddo
|
HaZafon
|
Israel
|
|
|
Canaanite
Megiddo
c. 7000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Unknown
Megiddo
c. 2000 BC -- c. 250 BC
Roman
Megiddo
c. 250 BC -- c. 300 AD
|
|
|
Meydankapi
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Haran
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Mezraa Höyük
|
c. 6100 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
5770
|
Burcik
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Proto-Halaf
Mezraa Höyük
c. 6100 BC -- c. 5900 BC
Hassuna
Mezraa Höyük
c. 5900 BC -- c. 5250 BC
Neo-Assyrian
Mezraa Höyük
c. 900 BC -- c. 600 BC
Achaemenid
Mezraa Höyük
c. 550 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Mezraa Teleilat Höyük
|
c. 6100 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
5770
|
Burcik
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Proto-Halaf
Mezraa Teleilat Höyük
c. 6100 BC -- c. 5900 BC
Hassuna
Mezraa Teleilat Höyük
c. 5900 BC -- c. 5250 BC
Neo-Assyrian
Mezraa Teleilat Höyük
c. 900 BC -- c. 600 BC
Achaemenid
Mezraa Teleilat Höyük
c. 550 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Misraab
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Kilis
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Nagar
|
c. 6000 BC
|
c. 1300 BC
|
4700
|
|
Al Hasakah
|
Syria
|
|
|
Halaf
Brak
c. 6000 BC -- c. 5000 BC
Ubaid
Brak
c. 5000 BC -- c. 4000 BC
Uruk
Brak
c. 4000 BC -- c. 2500 BC
Akkadian
Brak
c. 2500 BC -- c. 1500 BC
Mitanni
Nagar
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1300 BC
|
|
|
Naqadeh
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
|
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Naqadeh
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Naqsh-e Rustam
|
c. 1000 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
670
|
Marv Dasht
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
Elamite
Naqsh-e Rustam
c. 1000 BC -- c. 600 BC
Achaemenid
Naqsh-e Rustam
c. 600 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Nehardea
|
c. 2000 BC
|
???
|
101999
|
|
Al Anbar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Babylonian
Nehardea
c. 2000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Nemrut
|
163 BC
|
72 AD
|
235
|
Sincik
|
Adiyaman
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Commagene
Nemrut
163 BC -- 72 AD
|
|
|
Nimrud
|
c. 1300 BC
|
612 BC
|
688
|
Al Hamdaniyah
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Assyrian
Kalhu
c. 1300 BC -- 612 BC
|
|
|
Nineveh
|
6000 BC
|
c. 1000 AD
|
7000
|
Al Mawsil
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Assyrian
Nineveh
6000 BC -- c. 1450 BC
Mitanni
Nineveh
c. 1450 BC -- 1365 BC
Assyrian
Nineveh
1365 BC -- 612 BC
Sassanid
Nainava
c. 300 AD -- 637 AD
Arab
Nineveh
637 AD -- c. 1000 AD
|
|
|
Nippur
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 600 AD
|
3600
|
`Afak
|
Al Qadisiyah
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Nibru
c. 3000 BC -- c. 2250 BC
Akkadian
Nibru
c. 2200 BC -- c. 2100 BC
Sumerian
Nibru
c. 2100 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Elamite
Nibru
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1900 BC
Babylonian
Nippur
c. 1900 BC -- c. 800 BC
Assyrian
Nippur
c. 800 BC -- c. 600 BC
Unknown
Nippur
c. 600 BC -- c. 300 BC
Seleucid
Nippur
c. 300 BC -- c. 0 AD
Parthian
Nippur
c. 0 AD -- c. 300 AD
Sassanid
Nippur
c. 300 AD -- c. 600 AD
|
|
|
Nisibis
|
c. 1000 BC
|
c. 600 BC
|
400
|
Nasabina
|
Mardin
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Assyrian
Nisibis
c. 1000 BC -- c. 600 BC
|
|
|
Nuzi
|
2750 BC
|
c. 600 BC
|
2150
|
Yorghun
|
At Ta'mim
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Akkadian
Gasur
2750 BC -- c. 1500 BC
Hurrian
Nuzi
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1300 BC
Assyrian
Nuzi
c. 1300 BC -- c. 600 BC
|
|
|
Ozbaki Tepe
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
Nazarabad
|
Tehran
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Ozbaki Tepe
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Palmyra
|
c. 2000 BC
|
???
|
101999
|
Tedmor
|
Hims
|
Syria
|
|
|
Palmyran
Palmyra
c. 2000 BC -- c. 100 AD
Roman
Palmyra
c. 100 AD -- c. 212 AD
Palmyran
Palmyra
c. 212 AD -- c. 272 AD
Roman
Palmyra
c. 272 AD -- c. 330 AD
Byzantine
Palmyra
c. 330 AD -- 634 AD
Arab
Palmyra
634 AD -- ???
|
|
|
Pasargadae
|
546 BC
|
330 BC
|
216
|
Marv Dasht
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
Achaemenid
Pasargadae
546 BC -- 330 BC
|
|
|
Persepolis
|
c. 515 BC
|
c. 200 BC
|
315
|
Bardeh Shiraz
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
Achaemenid
Persepolis
c. 515 BC -- c. 334 BC
Greek
Persepolis
c. 334 BC -- c. 200 BC
|
|
|
Petra
|
c. 1500 BC
|
390 AD
|
1890
|
Petra
|
Ma'an
|
Jordan
|
|
|
Horite
Petra
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1000 BC
Edomite
Petra
c. 1000 BC -- c. 312 BC
Nabataean
Petra
c. 312 BC -- c. 106 AD
Roman
Petra
106 AD -- 390 AD
|
|
|
Pisidia
|
c. 1500 BC
|
c. 1300 AD
|
2800
|
Yalvaç
|
Isparta
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Pisidian
Pisidia
c. 1500 BC -- c. 330 BC
Greek
Pisidia
c. 330 BC -- c. 323 BC
Seleucid
Pisidia
c. 323 BC -- 188 BC
Attalid
Pisidia
188 BC -- 133 BC
Roman
Pisidia
133 BC -- c. 120 BC
Cappadocian
Pisidia
c. 120 BC -- c. 110 BC
Cilician
Pisidia
c. 110 BC -- 102 BC
Roman
Pisidia
102 BC -- c. 400 AD
Byzantine
Pisidia
c. 400 AD -- c. 1000 AD
Seljuq
Pisidia
c. 1000 AD -- c. 1100 AD
Byzantine
Pisidia
c. 1100 AD -- 1176 AD
Seljuq
Pisidia
1176 AD -- c. 1300 AD
|
|
|
Purushanda
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Yesiltepe
|
Aksaray
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Hittite
Purushanda
??? -- ???
|
|
|
Puzrish-Dagan
|
c. 2500 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
500
|
|
Al Qadisiyah
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Puzrish-Dagan
c. 2500 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Qala Khandan Teppe
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Golestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Qal'at al-Bahrain
|
c. 2300 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
1970
|
|
Jidd Hafs
|
Bahrain
|
|
|
Dilmun
Qal'at al-Bahrain
c. 2300 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Qal-e Geli
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
Lordagan
|
Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Qal-e Geli
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Qaryat al-Faw
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Ar Riyad
|
Saudi Arabia
|
|
|
|
|
Qazvin
|
c. 1500 AD
|
c. 1700 AD
|
200
|
|
Qazvin
|
Iran
|
|
|
Safavid
Qazvin
c. 1500 AD -- c. 1700 AD
|
|
|
Qusheh Dagh
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Raga
|
c. 6000 BC
|
c. 200 AD
|
6200
|
Teheran
|
Tehran
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
???
c. 6000 BC -- ???
Parthian
Rashkan
c. 250 BC -- c. 200 AD
|
|
|
Resan
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
|
Syria
|
|
|
|
|
Saddarvazeh
|
c. 1000 BC
|
c. 200 AD
|
1200
|
Damghan
|
Semnan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Hecatompylos
c. 1000 BC -- 330 BC
Seleucid
Hecatompylos
330 BC -- 238 BC
Parthian
Hecatompylos
238 BC -- c. 200 AD
|
|
|
Sadi Tepe Höyügü
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Gaziantep
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Sagalassos
|
c. 1000 BC
|
???
|
100999
|
|
Burdur
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Pisidian
Sagalassos
c. 1000 BC -- 333 BC
Greek
Sagalassos
333 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Šahr-e Qumis
|
c. 500 BC
|
c. 224 AD
|
724
|
Damghan
|
Semnan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Achaemenid
Saddarvazeh
c. 500 BC -- 330 BC
Greek
Hecatompylos
330 BC -- 312 BC
Seleucid
Hecatompylos
312 BC -- c. 238 BC
Parthian
Hecatompylos
c. 238 BC -- c. 224 AD
|
|
|
Samangan
|
c. 150 BC
|
???
|
100149
|
Marv Dasht
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
Bactrian
Eukratidia
c. 150 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Samarra
|
c. 6000 BC
|
c. 1258 AD
|
7258
|
Samra'
|
Salah ad Din
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Samarran
Samarra
c. 6000 BC -- c. 5500 BC
Assyrian
Samarra
c. 690 BC -- c. 600 BC
Abbasid
Samarra
836 AD -- c. 1258 AD
|
|
|
Samuha
|
c. 1500 BC
|
c. 1200 BC
|
300
|
Dogansehir
|
Malatya
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Hittite
Samuha
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1200 BC
|
|
|
Sapinuwa
|
c. 1700 BC
|
c. 1400 BC
|
300
|
Orta
|
Corum
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Hittite
Sapinuwa
c. 1700 BC -- c. 1400 BC
|
|
|
Seleucia
|
c. 305 BC
|
c. 250 AD
|
555
|
Al Mada'in
|
Baghdad
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Seleucid
Seleucia
c. 305 BC -- c. 63 BC
Parthian
Seleukia
c. 63 BC -- c. 250 AD
|
|
|
Shah Tepe
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Shah Tappeh
|
Golestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Shahr-e Sukhteh
|
c. 3000 BC
|
???
|
102999
|
Zabol
|
Sistan va Baluchestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Jiroft
Shahr-e Sukhteh
c. 3000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Shechem
|
c. 3000 BC
|
72 AD
|
3072
|
|
|
West Bank
|
|
|
Canaanite
Shechem
c. 3000 BC -- c. 1350 BC
Unknown
Shechem
c. 1350 BC -- c. 1100 BC
Israelite
Shechem
c. 1100 BC -- c. 500 BC
Samaritan
Shechem
c. 500 BC -- 128 BC
Hasmonean
Shechem
128 BC -- 72 AD
|
|
|
Shekhna
|
2300 BC
|
1726 BC
|
574
|
|
Al Hasakah
|
Syria
|
|
|
Akkadian
Shekhna
2300 BC -- c. 1800 BC
Assyrian
Shubat-Enlil
1800 BC -- 1726 BC
|
|
|
Shiraz
|
c. 2000 BC
|
1722 AD
|
3722
|
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Shiraz
c. 2000 BC -- c. 550 BC
Achaemenid
Shiraz
c. 550 BC -- c. 330 BC
Parthian
Shiraz
c. 250 BC -- 224 AD
Sassanid
Shiraz
224 AD -- c. 650 AD
Buyid
Shiraz
945 AD -- 1055 AD
Seljuq
Shiraz
1055 AD -- c. 1150 AD
Khwarazmian
Shiraz
c. 1150 AD -- c. 1250 AD
Mongol
Shiraz
c. 1250 AD -- c. 1350 AD
Timurid
Shiraz
c. 1350 AD -- c. 1500 AD
Safavid
Shiraz
c. 1500 AD -- 1722 AD
|
|
|
Shivta
|
c. 200 BC
|
c. 800 AD
|
1000
|
|
HaDarom
|
Israel
|
|
|
Nabataean
Shivta
c. 200 BC -- c. 100 BC
Roman
Shivta
c. 100 BC -- c. 330 AD
Byzantine
Shivta
c. 330 AD -- c. 650 AD
Rashidun
Shivta
c. 650 AD -- c. 660 AD
Umayyad
Shivta
c. 660 AD -- c. 750 AD
Abbasid
Shivta
c. 750 AD -- c. 800 AD
|
|
|
Sibaniba
|
c. 2000 BC
|
???
|
101999
|
Bashiqa
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Hurrian
Sibaniba
c. 2000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Susa
|
c. 7000 BC
|
c. 1250 AD
|
8250
|
Susa
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Neolithic
Susa
c. 7000 BC -- c. 5000 BC
Akkadian
Susa
c. 2330 BC -- c. 2240 BC
Sumerian
Susa
c. 2240 BC -- c. 2004 BC
Elamite
Susa
c. 2004 BC -- 647 BC
Assyrian
Susa
647 BC -- 540 BC
Achaemenid
Susa
540 BC -- 331 BC
Greek
Susa
331 BC -- c. 230 BC
Seleucid
Susa
c. 230 BC -- 116 AD
Roman
Susa
116 AD -- c. 500 AD
Sassanid
Susa
c. 500 AD -- 638 AD
Rashidun
Susa
c. 638 AD -- c. 660 AD
Umayyad
Susa
c. 660 AD -- c. 750 AD
Abbasid
Susa
c. 750 AD -- 1218 AD
Mongol
Susa
1218 AD -- c. 1250 AD
|
|
|
Tabriz
|
c. 500 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
170
|
Tabriz Jani
|
East Azarbaijan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Achaemenid
Tabriz
c. 500 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Takht-e Soleyman
|
c. 225 AD
|
c. 1335 AD
|
1110
|
Takan
|
East Azarbaijan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Sassanid
Shiz
c. 225 AD -- c. 650 AD
Ilkhanate
Shiz
c. 1256 AD -- c. 1335 AD
|
|
|
Tal-e Malyan
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
2670
|
Beyza
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
Elamite
Anshan
c. 3000 BC -- c. 700 BC
Achaemenid
Anshan
700 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Tall-i Bakun
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Marv Dasht
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Tall-i Ghazir
|
c. 6000 BC
|
c. 1000 BC
|
5000
|
Ramhormoz
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Ubaid
Tall-i Ghazir
c. 6000 BC -- c. 4000 BC
Uruk
Tall-i Ghazir
c. 4000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Elamite
Tall-i Ghazir
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
Tapa Gulawi
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Haluma
|
As Sulaymaniyah
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Tappeh Sornah
|
c. 2000 BC
|
c. 1000 BC
|
1000
|
Nurabad
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
Elamite
Tappeh Sornah
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
Tarsos
|
c. 1800 BC
|
1923 AD
|
3723
|
|
Mersin
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Hittite
Tarsos
c. 1800 BC -- c. 1100 BC
Assyrian
Tarsos
c. 1100 BC -- c. 500 BC
Achaemenid
Tarsos
c. 500 BC -- c. 330 BC
Seleucid
Tarsos
c. 330 BC -- c. 100 BC
Roman
Tarsos
c. 100 BC -- c. 330 AD
Byzantine
Tarsos
c. 330 AD -- 637 AD
Rashidun
Tarsos
637 AD -- c. 661 AD
Umayyad
Tarsos
c. 661 AD -- 965 AD
Byzantine
Tarsos
c. 965 AD -- 1097 AD
Seljuq
Tarsos
1097 AD -- 1359 AD
Ramadanid
Tarsos
1359 AD -- 1516 AD
Ottoman
Tarsos
1516 AD -- 1832 AD
Egyptian
Tarsos
1832 AD -- 1840 AD
Ottoman
Tarsos
1840 AD -- 1923 AD
|
|
|
Tarut
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 500 BC
|
2500
|
|
Ash Sharqiyah
|
Saudi Arabia
|
|
|
Dilmun
Tarut
c. 3000 BC -- c. 500 BC
|
|
|
Tayma
|
c. 3000 BC
|
???
|
102999
|
Taimah
|
Tabuk
|
Saudi Arabia
|
|
|
Unknown
???
c. 3000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Tel Kabri
|
c. 14000 BC
|
c. 1550 BC
|
12450
|
Nahariyah
|
HaZafon
|
Israel
|
|
|
Neolithic
Tel Kabri
c. 14000 BC -- c. 10000 BC
Canaanite
Tel Kabri
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1550 BC
|
|
|
Tel-e Spid
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
Nurabad
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Tel-e Spid
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Tell Abu Dhuwari
|
c. 2000 BC
|
c. 1720 BC
|
280
|
An Nu`maniyah
|
Wasit
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Mashkan-shapir
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1900 BC
Babylonian
Mashkan-shapir
c. 1900 BC -- c. 1720 BC
|
|
|
Tell Abu Dibis
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Al `Aziziya
|
Wasit
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Abu Habbah
|
c. 5000 BC
|
c. 224 AD
|
5224
|
Al Mada'in
|
Baghdad
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Uruk
Zimbir
c. 5000 BC -- 3000 BC
Sumerian
Zimbir
c. 3000 BC -- c. 1900 BC
Amorite
Sippar
c. 1900 BC -- c. 1792 BC
Babylonian
Sippar
c. 1792 BC -- c. 1000 BC
Neo-Babylonian
Sippar
c. 1000 BC -- c. 550 BC
Achaemenid
Sippar
c. 550 BC -- c. 330 BC
Seleucid
Sippar
c. 330 BC -- c. 50 BC
Parthian
Sippar
c. 50 BC -- c. 224 AD
|
|
|
Tell Abu Shahrain
|
c. 5300 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
3300
|
An Nasiriya
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Eridu
c. 5300 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Tell al-Hiba
|
c. 2500 BC
|
c. 1800 BC
|
700
|
Sachit
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Lagash
c. 2500 BC -- c. 2330 BC
Akkadian
Lagash
c. 2330 BC -- c. 2254 BC
Sumerian
Lagash
c. 2254 BC -- c. 2193 BC
Gutian
Lagash
c. 2193 BC -- c. 2120 BC
Sumerian
Lagash
c. 2120 BC -- c. 2004 BC
Elamite
Lagash
c. 2004 BC -- c. 1998 BC
Amorite
Lagash
c. 1998 BC -- c. 1800 BC
|
|
|
Tell al-Madineh
|
c. 5000 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
3000
|
As Saiyid Muhammad
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Bad-tibira
c. 5000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Tell al-Rimah
|
c. 934 BC
|
c. 609 BC
|
325
|
Tal `Afar
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Neo-Assyrian
Qatara
c. 934 BC -- c. 609 BC
|
|
|
Tell al-Ubaid
|
c. 5500 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
3500
|
An Nasiriya
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Tell al-Ubaid
c. 5500 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Tell Arbid
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Al Hasakah
|
Syria
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Archan
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Al Hasakah
|
Syria
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Arpachiyah
|
c. 6000 BC
|
???
|
105999
|
Tall Kaif
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Halaf
Tell Arpachiyah
c. 6000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Tell Asagideren
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Haran
|
Sanliurfa
|
Turkey
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Ashtara
|
c. 2500 BC
|
c. 1000 BC
|
1500
|
Ash Shaykh Sa`d
|
Dar
|
Syria
|
|
|
Canaanite
Aštartu
c. 2500 BC -- c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
Tell Asmar
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 1700 BC
|
1300
|
Bakuba
|
Diyala
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Eshnunna
c. 3000 BC -- c. 2200 BC
Akkadian
Eshnunna
c. 2200 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Eshnunna
Eshnunna
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1764 BC
Babylonian
Eshnunna
c. 1764 BC -- c. 1700 BC
|
|
|
Tell as-Sabaikh
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Al Hasakah
|
Syria
|
|
|
|
|
Tell as-Senkereh
|
c. 5000 BC
|
c. 300 BC
|
4700
|
Al Batha'
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Larsa
c. 5000 BC -- c. 2025 BC
Larsa
Larsa
c. 2025 BC -- c. 1998 BC
Amorite
Larsa
c. 1998 BC -- c. 1835 BC
Elamite
Larsa
c. 1835 BC -- c. 1763 BC
Babylonian
Larsa
c. 1763 BC -- c. 539 BC
Achaemenid
Larsa
c. 539 BC -- c. 300 BC
|
|
|
Tell Aswad
|
c. 9300 BC
|
c. 7500 BC
|
1800
|
Bagdad
|
Baghdad
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Unknown
Tell Aswad
c. 9300 BC -- c. 7500 BC
|
|
|
Tell Atchana
|
c. 2000 BC
|
c. 1200 BC
|
800
|
Salkîne
|
Idlib
|
Syria
|
|
|
Amorite
Alalakh
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1800 BC
Mari
Alalakh
c. 1800 BC -- 1765 BC
Amorite
Alalakh
c. 1765 BC -- c. 1600 BC
Hittite
Alalakh
c. 1600 BC -- c. 1500 BC
Mitanni
Alalakh
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1400 BC
Hittite
Alalakh
c. 1400 BC -- c. 1200 BC
|
|
|
Tell Banura
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
An Nu`maniyah
|
Wasit
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Barri
|
c. 4000 BC
|
c. 700 BC
|
3300
|
|
Al Hasakah
|
Syria
|
|
|
Halaf
Kahat
c. 4000 BC -- c. 3000 BC
Akkadian
Kahat
c. 3000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Hurrian
Kahat
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1400 BC
Assyrian
Kahat
c. 1400 BC -- c. 700 BC
|
|
|
Tell Beydar
|
c. 2600 BC
|
c. 2200 BC
|
400
|
|
Al Hasakah
|
Syria
|
|
|
Unknown
Nabada
c. 2600 BC -- c. 2300 BC
Akkadian
Nabada
c. 2300 BC -- c. 2200 BC
|
|
|
Tell Bismaya
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Bagdad
|
Baghdad
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Tell ed-Duleim
|
c. 2700 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
700
|
Al Hillah
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Dilbat
c. 2700 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Tell el-Farah
|
c. 2000 BC
|
???
|
101999
|
Ofakim
|
HaDarom
|
Israel
|
|
|
Egyptian
Sharuhen
c. 2000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Tell Ermen
|
c. 1100 AD
|
c. 1200 AD
|
100
|
|
Mardin
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Artuqid
Kizil Tepe
c. 1100 AD -- c. 1200 AD
|
|
|
Tell es-Suleimeh
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
|
Diyala
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Unknown
Awal
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Tell Fara
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
1000
|
Al Tahrir
|
Al Qadisiyah
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Shuruppak
c. 3000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Tell Ghaida
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Salah ad Din
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Hadari
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Hadidi
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Manbej
|
Halab
|
Syria
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Ibrahim
|
c. 600 BC
|
c. 550 BC
|
50
|
As Suwayrah
|
Wasit
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Neo-Babylonian
Kutha
c. 600 BC -- c. 550 BC
|
|
|
Tell Ishaqi I
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Ishaqi II
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Ishchali
|
c. 2334 BC
|
c. 539 BC
|
1795
|
Bagdad
|
Baghdad
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Akkadian
Nerebtum
c. 2334 BC -- c. 2193 BC
Babylonian
Nerebtum
c. 1894 BC -- c. 539 BC
|
|
|
Tell Jawan I
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Jawan II
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Jawan IV
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Kashaf
|
c. 2000 BC
|
c. 600 BC
|
1400
|
Al Hamdaniyah
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Babylonian
Kashtappum
c. 2000 BC -- c. 1500 BC
Assyrian
Kaltappu
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1000 BC
Neo-Assyrian
Kassappa
c. 1000 BC -- c. 600 BC
|
|
|
Tell Malta
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Duhik
|
Dahuk
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Meskene
|
c. 2000 BC
|
1187 BC
|
813
|
Dayr Hafir
|
Halab
|
Syria
|
|
|
Amorite
Emar
c. 2000 BC -- 1187 BC
|
|
|
Tell Muhammad
|
c. 1000 BC
|
c. 750 BC
|
250
|
Bagdad
|
Baghdad
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Babylonian
Diniktum
c. 1000 BC -- c. 750 BC
|
|
|
Tell Mumbaqat
|
c. 5000 BC
|
c. 1000 BC
|
4000
|
Manbej
|
Halab
|
Syria
|
|
|
Unknown
Ekalte
c. 5000 BC -- c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
Tell Qarah Qozak
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Manbej
|
Halab
|
Syria
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Rejem Sleybi
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Al Hasakah
|
Syria
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Said F6
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
|
Al Ahmadi
|
Kuwait
|
|
|
Unknown
Ikaros
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Tell Satu Qala
|
c. 3300 BC
|
c. 1000 BC
|
2300
|
|
As Sulaymaniyah
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Unknown
Idu
c. 3300 BC -- c. 2500 BC
Assyrian
Idu
c. 2500 BC -- c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
Tell Sheikh Hamad
|
c. 1000 BC
|
c. 600 BC
|
400
|
|
Dayr az Zawr
|
Syria
|
|
|
Assyrian
Dur-Katlimmu
c. 1000 BC -- c. 600 BC
|
|
|
Tell Shmid
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Qal`a Sikar
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Tell Umm al-Aqarib
|
c. 2300 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
300
|
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Tell Umm al-Aqarib
c. 2300 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Tell Uqair
|
c. 5000 BC
|
c. 2900 BC
|
2100
|
As Suwayrah
|
Wasit
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Ubaid
Tell Uqair
c. 5000 BC -- c. 4000 BC
Uruk
Tell Uqair
c. 4000 BC -- c. 3100 BC
Jemdet Nasr
Tell Uqair
c. 3100 BC -- c. 2900 BC
|
|
|
Tell Wilaya
|
c. 1500 BC
|
c. 1000 BC
|
500
|
Al Kut
|
Wasit
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Babylonian
Tell Wilaya
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
Tell Zera'a
|
c. 3200 BC
|
c. 700 AD
|
3900
|
|
Irbid
|
Jordan
|
|
|
Canaanite
Tell Zera'a
c. 3200 BC -- c. 2000 BC
Unknown
Tell Zera'a
c. 2000 BC -- c. 400 BC
Roman
Tell Zera'a
c. 400 BC -- c. 200 AD
Byzantine
Tell Zera'a
c. 200 AD -- c. 700 AD
|
|
|
Temukan
|
c. 500 BC
|
c. 330 BC
|
170
|
Borazdjan
|
Bushehr
|
Iran
|
|
|
Achaemenid
Temukan
c. 500 BC -- c. 330 BC
|
|
|
Tepe Gawra
|
c. 5000 BC
|
???
|
104999
|
Al Mawsil
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Unknown
Tepe Gawra
c. 5000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Tepe Guran
|
c. 6700 BC
|
???
|
106699
|
Kuhdasht
|
Lorestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
???
c. 6700 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Tepe Gyaur
|
c. 99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
|
East Azarbaijan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Tepe Gyaur
c. 99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Tepe Hissar
|
c. 5000 BC
|
???
|
104999
|
Damghan
|
Semnan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
???
c. 5000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Tepe Kordlar
|
c. 4000 BC
|
???
|
103999
|
|
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Tepe Kordlar
c. 4000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Tepe Nush-i Jan
|
c. 99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
Malayer
|
Hamadan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Tepe Nush-i Jan
c. 99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Tepe Sialk
|
c. 6000 BC
|
???
|
105999
|
Kashan
|
Esfahan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Zayandeh River
Tepe Sialk
c. 6000 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Tepe Yahya
|
c. 5500 BC
|
c. 400 AD
|
5900
|
Jiroft
|
Kerman
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Tepe Yahya
c. 5500 BC -- c. 3800 BC
Yahya
Tepe Yahya
c. 3800 BC -- c. 3400 BC
Elamite
Tepe Yahya
c. 3400 BC -- c. 2200 BC
Unknown
Tepe Yahya
c. 1000 BC -- c. 500 BC
Achaemenid
Tepe Yahya
c. 500 BC -- c. 275 BC
Sassanid
Tepe Yahya
c. 200 BC -- c. 400 AD
|
|
|
Teppe Bowla
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Dehloran
|
Ilam
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Teppe Darouqeh
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Shushtari
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Teppe Dizajtakye
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Orumiyeh
|
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Teppe Kushkak
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Nurabad
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Teppe Ooy
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Orumiyeh
|
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Teppe Sabz
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Behbahan
|
Khuzestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Teppe-ye Mosalla
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Hamadan
|
Hamadan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Termessos
|
c. 1000 BC
|
???
|
100999
|
Korkudeli
|
Antalya
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Pisidian
Termessos
c. 1000 BC -- 333 BC
Greek
Termessos
333 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Thaj
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Al Fadili
|
Ash Sharqiyah
|
Saudi Arabia
|
|
|
|
|
Til Barsip
|
c. 1500 BC
|
c. 600 BC
|
900
|
Jarablos
|
Halab
|
Syria
|
|
|
Hittite
Masuwari
c. 1500 BC -- c. 1200 BC
Neo-Hittite
Masuwari
c. 1200 BC -- 856 BC
Neo-Assyrian
Kar-Šulmanu-ašaredu
856 BC -- c. 600 BC
|
|
|
Tirzah
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
|
West Bank
|
|
|
Canaanite
Tirzah
??? -- ???
|
|
|
Tlos
|
c. 2000 BC
|
c. 750 AD
|
2750
|
Fethieh
|
Mugla
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Lycian
Tlawa
c. 2000 BC -- c. 0 AD
Roman
Tlos
c. 0 AD -- c. 300 AD
Byzantine
Tlos
c. 300 AD -- c. 750 AD
|
|
|
Tol-e Afghani
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Semirom
|
Esfahan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Tol-e Nurabad
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Nurabad
|
Fars
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Toon
|
c. 600 BC
|
???
|
100599
|
Ferdows
|
Khorasan-e Razavi
|
Iran
|
|
|
Median
Toon
c. 600 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Toprakkale
|
c. 800 BC
|
c. 600 BC
|
200
|
|
Van
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Urartu
Rusahinili
c. 800 BC -- c. 600 BC
|
|
|
Troy
|
c. 1300 BC
|
c. 450 BC
|
850
|
Ezine
|
Canakkale
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Greek
Troia
c. 1300 BC -- c. 450 BC
|
|
|
Turan Teppe
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Golestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Tureng Tepe
|
c. 3100 BC
|
c. 1900 BC
|
1200
|
|
Golestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Unknown
Tureng Tepe
c. 3100 BC -- c. 1900 BC
|
|
|
Tutub
|
c. 3000 BC
|
2334 BC
|
666
|
Bagdad
|
Baghdad
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Tutub
c. 3000 BC -- 2334 BC
|
|
|
Tyana
|
c. 1200 BC
|
933 AD
|
2133
|
Bor
|
Nigde
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Thracian
Thoana
c. 1200 BC -- c. 1000 BC
Neo-Hittite
Thoana
c. 1000 BC -- c. 600 BC
Cappadocian
Tyana
c. 600 BC -- 372 AD
Byzantine
Thoana
372 AD -- 806 AD
Abbasid
Tyana
806 AD -- 933 AD
|
|
|
Umarkan
|
99999 BC
|
???
|
199998
|
Al Hamdaniyah
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Unknown
Amr Khan
99999 BC -- ???
|
|
|
Umm al-Hafriyat
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
`Afak
|
Al Qadisiyah
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Umma
|
c. 2300 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
300
|
Ash Shatrah
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Umma
c. 2300 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Ur
|
c. 3800 BC
|
c. 500 BC
|
3300
|
An Nasiriya
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Ur
c. 3800 BC -- c. 2004 BC
Elamite
Ur
c. 2004 BC -- c. 1920 BC
Babylonian
Ur
c. 1920 BC -- c. 1000 BC
Assyrian
Ur
c. 1000 BC -- c. 700 BC
Neo-Babylonian
Ur
c. 700 BC -- c. 500 BC
|
|
|
Urmia
|
c. 550 BC
|
c. 1700 AD
|
2250
|
Orumiyeh
|
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari
|
Iran
|
|
|
Achaemenid
Orumiyeh
c. 550 BC -- c. 330 BC
Safavid
Orumiyeh
c. 1500 AD -- c. 1700 AD
|
|
|
Uruk
|
c. 5000 BC
|
c. 700 AD
|
5700
|
Al Khidr
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Ubaid
Uruk
c. 5000 BC -- c. 4000 BC
Sumerian
Uruk
c. 4000 BC -- c. 1900 BC
Babylonian
Uruk
c. 1900 BC -- 850 BC
Neo-Assyrian
Uruk
850 BC -- c. 300 BC
Seleucid
Uruk
c. 300 BC -- c. 141 BC
Parthian
Uruk
141 BC -- c. 700 AD
|
|
|
Van
|
c. 900 BC
|
c. 1900 AD
|
2800
|
Van
|
Van
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Urartu
Tushpa
c. 900 BC -- c. 700 BC
Orontid
Tushpa
c. 700 BC -- c. 550 BC
Achaemenid
Tushpa
c. 550 BC -- 331 BC
Greek
Tushpa
331 BC -- 305 BC
Seleucid
Tushpa
305 BC -- 200 BC
Armenian
Tosp
c. 200 BC -- 628 AD
Byzantine
Tosp
628 AD -- 640 AD
Rashidun
Tosp
640 AD -- 661 AD
Umayyad
Tosp
661 AD -- 750 AD
Abbasid
Tosp
750 AD -- c. 900 AD
Armenian
Tosp
c. 900 AD -- 1021 AD
Byzantine
Tosp
1021 AD -- 1071 AD
Seljuq
Tosp
1071 AD -- c. 1100 AD
Ahlatshah
Tosp
c. 1100 AD -- 1207 AD
Ayyubid
Tosp
1207 AD -- c. 1240 AD
Mongol
Tosp
c. 1240 AD -- c. 1300 AD
Kara Koyunlu
Tosp
c. 1300 AD -- c. 1370 AD
Timurid
Tosp
c. 1370 AD -- c. 1502 AD
Safavid
Tosp
1502 AD -- 1515 AD
Ottoman
Tosp
1515 AD -- 1520 AD
Safavid
Tosp
1520 AD -- 1548 AD
Ottoman
Tosp
1548 AD -- c. 1900 AD
|
|
|
Wana as-Sadoum
|
2700 BC
|
c. 1940 BC
|
760
|
Ad Diwania
|
Al Qadisiyah
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Marad
2700 BC -- 2334 BC
Akkadian
Marad
2334 BC -- 2218 BC
Sumerian
Marad
2218 BC -- c. 1940 BC
|
|
|
Yadiya
|
c. 1725 BC
|
c. 1200 BC
|
525
|
Zincirli
|
Gaziantep
|
Turkey
|
|
|
Hittite
Yadiya
c. 1725 BC -- c. 1200 BC
|
|
|
Yanik Tepe
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Azar Shahr
|
East Azarbaijan
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Yarim Tepe
|
c. 6000 BC
|
c. 5500 BC
|
500
|
Tal `Afar
|
Ninawa
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Hassuna
Yarim Tepe
c. 6000 BC -- c. 5500 BC
|
|
|
Yasin Teppe
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
|
Arbil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
Zabala
|
c. 3000 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
1000
|
|
Dhi Qar
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Zabala
c. 3000 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Zend-i Suleiman
|
???
|
???
|
0
|
Takab
|
Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari
|
Iran
|
|
|
|
|
Zibliyat
|
c. 2800 BC
|
c. 2000 BC
|
800
|
Al Qasim
|
Babil
|
Iraq
|
|
|
Sumerian
Zibliyat
c. 2800 BC -- c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
Ziwiyeh
|
c. 650 BC
|
c. 550 BC
|
100
|
Zivoyeh
|
Kordestan
|
Iran
|
|
|
Median
Ziwiyeh
c. 650 BC -- c. 550 BC
|
|